International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by decreased airflow due to airway obstruction. Air volume may become trapped in the lungs as a result of peripheral airway obstruction (i.e., hyperinflation). The respiratory rate may increase due to inspiration, which occurs prior to emptying the lungs of air. The adaptation of rapid shallow breathing may result in respiratory muscle fatigue. Hyperinflation can reduce the dome of the diaphragm, shorten respiratory muscle fibres, and impair muscle contraction. Furthermore, gas exchange may be inefficient. Because of this, people with COPD might have symptoms like shortness of breath or dyspnea.