International Research Journal of Education and Technology

It is estimated that 15–20% of all ischemic strokes are caused by extracranial atherosclerotic disease 1. In patients who have atherosclerosis of the carotid artery, the risk of having a stroke is affected not only by the presence of collateral circulation, but also by the various demographic aspects of the patients 2. Patients who have asymptomatic and symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis have respective incidences of stroke that range from 1% to 5% to 9% and 10%, respectively.