International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, has been widely used in the management of CHF due to its ability to reduce blood pressure and improve cardiac function. However, its therapeutic efficacy is often limited by poor bioavailability and rapid clearance from the systemic circulation.Liposomes, lipid-based vesicular structures, offer a promising approach to enhance the delivery of captopril to the target site, thereby improving its therapeutic outcomes. The design and development of liposomal formulations of captopril involve encapsulating the drug within lipid bilayers, thereby protecting it from degradation and extending its circulation time in the bloodstream. Additionally, surface modification of liposomes with targeting ligands can facilitate their accumulation in the myocardium, enhancing drug uptake at the site of action.This review discusses the principles underlying the design and formulation of liposomes for captopril delivery, including lipid composition, size optimization, and encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, it explores various techniques for characterizing liposomal formulations, such as particle size analysis, drug release kinetics, and stability studies. Furthermore, the potential advantages of liposomal captopril delivery, including improved bioavailability, reduced systemic toxicity, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, are highlighted.

Keywords: bioavailability, Congestive heart failure, captopril, Liposomes,