International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Malaria is a serious parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium species and transmitted to humans via the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, malaria continues to pose a major public health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, with high morbidity and mortality rates. This review summarizes the epidemiology, life cycle, and pathophysiology of malaria, along with its clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches. Special attention is given to current antimalarial therapies, including artemisinin-based combination therapies, chemoprophylaxis, and emerging drug resistance. Additionally, recent developments in malaria vaccines, vector control strategies, and novel therapeutic targets are discussed. The socioeconomic impact of malaria, including reduced workforce productivity, increased healthcare costs, and adverse outcomes in children and pregnant women, is also highlighted. Understanding the complex interactions between the parasite, host, and vector is critical for effective disease management and long-term control. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update on malaria, emphasizing recent advancements and challenges in prevention, treatment, and eradication efforts.

Key words

Malaria, Plasmodium species,Anopheles mosquito,Antimalarial therapy,Drug resistance,Vector control,Epidemiology,Pathophysiology,Clinical manifestations