International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Well foundations are widely used in India for supporting heavy loads in riverine and alluvial soil conditions, particularly for bridges and hydraulic structures. They are preferred for their ability to withstand large scouring depths and provide stability in weak soil strata. The design and construction of well foundations involve a combination of geotechnical investigation, structural analysis, and careful execution of sinking operations, including cutting edge, well sinking, and dewatering techniques. Despite well-established methods, challenges such as tilting, uneven settlement, and scouring still occur during construction, requiring careful planning, monitoring, and remedial measures. This review examines the principles, design considerations, construction techniques, and challenges associated with well foundations, highlighting modern practices and software tools that enhance design accuracy, efficiency, and safety in construction.

Keywords: Well foundation, river bridges, alluvial soil, sinking operations, cutting edge, scouring, structural design, construction techniques, geotechnical investigation, foundation stability.