International Research Journal of Education and Technology

The pursuit of environmentally sustainable and cost-efficient solutions for wastewater management has led to growing interest in the application of constructed wetlands (CWs) for domestic wastewater treatment. These engineered ecosystems emulate the natural purification processes of wetlands, leveraging the combined action of aquatic vegetation, soil substrates, microorganisms, and hydrodynamics to remove pollutants through a series of physical, chemical, and biological interactions. This research evaluates the feasibility and performance of artificial wetlands as a treatment strategy, emphasizing critical components such as site selection, the use of phytoremediative native plant species, and system deployment. The objective is to develop a low-cost, low-maintenance treatment infrastructure capable of effectively eliminating contaminants, including nutrients, heavy metals, and suspended solids. Native aquatic plants such as Lemna minor (Duckweed), Pistia stratiotes (Water Lettuce), and Salvinia spp. are investigated for their potential in enhancing pollutant uptake and maintaining system health. Continuous monitoring of water quality indicators and plant vitality supports performance assessment. Constructed wetlands offer notable advantages, including low energy requirements, operational ease, ecological restoration through habitat provision, and aesthetic enhancement of urban environments. Moreover, these systems contribute to water conservation and environmental protection by functioning as natural reservoirs and improving landscape integration. This study presents a detailed methodology for the planning, installation, and monitoring of artificial wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment, underscoring their viability as a sustainable alternative to conventional systems, particularly in resource-limited urban settings.

Key Words:  Wetland, Wastewater, Domestic, Treatment ,Artificial, sustainable