International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, resulting from the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Conventional treatment options, including levodopa and dopamine agonists, offer symptomatic relief but are often associated with long-term side effects. This has led to increasing interest in the use of herbal drugs as alternative or adjunctive therapies in the management of Parkinson’s disease. Numerous plantbased compounds have been investigated for their potential neuroprotective, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects, all of which play a role in modulating the pathophysiology of PD. Herbs such as Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, Mucuna pruriens, and Curcuma longa (turmeric) have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies, exhibiting effects on dopamine levels, motor functions, and neuroinflammation. These herbal agents are believed to provide symptomatic relief, slow disease progression, and improve the quality of life for patients. Despite these potential benefits, the clinical evidence remains inconclusive, and further rigorous studies are needed to establish the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosages of herbal drugs in Parkinson’s disease. This review explores the current evidence surrounding herbal drugs for Parkinson’s disease, highlighting their mechanisms of action, therapeutic potential, and the challenges of integrating herbal medicine into conventional PD treatment regimens.