International Research Journal of Education and Technology

India and the USSR maintained a robust strategic alliance during the Cold War, motivated by common geopolitical goals, economic collaboration, and defense cooperation. This partnership was founded on India's non-alignment policy, while fostering robust connections with Moscow, especially following the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Cooperation in 1971. The USSR significantly contributed to India's industrialization, defense modernization, and technical progress, encompassing space and nuclear initiatives. In exchange, India endorsed the Soviet position on significant international matters, while maintaining its involvement with the Western alliance.