International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology is rapidly advancing the landscape of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging by providing a safer, more automated, and user-friendly alternative to traditional plug-in methods. Central to WPT performance are the design and configuration of transmitter and receiver coils, which facilitate inductive coupling to transfer power without physical connectors. The efficiency, reliability, and operational stability of these systems are critically dependent on the mutual inductance between coils and the minimization of leakage magnetic flux.

A persistent challenge in real-world WPT deployment is the misalignment between transmitter and receiver coils caused by vehicle positioning errors or motion during charging. Misalignments lateral, longitudinal, or angular lead to reduced mutual inductance and increased leakage flux, resulting in significant drops in power transfer efficiency and compromised system stability. Addressing these issues is paramount for enabling practical, dynamic wireless EV charging systems that operate reliably under varying conditions.

 This study investigates advanced coil geometries aimed at enhancing the robustness of WPT systems against such misalignments. Specifically, it evaluates the performance of Double-D and rectangular spiral coil configurations, which are recognized for their improved magnetic coupling characteristics and tolerance to positional deviations. Through detailed electromagnetic simulation, these coil designs demonstrate superior maintenance of mutual inductance and effective leakage flux control when subjected to realistic lateral, longitudinal, and angular offsets.

Simulation results underscore that the optimized Double-D and rectangular spiral coils exhibit significantly higher tolerance to misalignment compared to conventional coil structures. This resilience directly translates into more consistent power delivery and higher overall system efficiency during dynamic vehicular motion and non-ideal parking scenarios. The findings highlight the importance of coil geometry optimization as a critical factor in the design of scalable, efficient, and reliable wireless charging infrastructure for EVs.

By integrating innovative coil design strategies with comprehensive electromagnetic modeling, this research advances the development of practical WPT solutions that support adaptive, user-friendly, and efficient wireless charging. Such technological progress is vital to accelerating the adoption of EVs and facilitating sustainable, intelligent transportation systems through robust dynamic wireless power transfer capabilities.

Keywords:  Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) , Electric Vehicle (EV) charging,  Inductive coupling , Transmitter coil, Receiver coil, Mutual inductance, Leakage magnetic flux, Coil misalignment, Lateral misalignment,  Longitudinal misalignment,  Angular misalignment, Double-D coil, Rectangular spiral coil,  Coil geometry optimization, Power transfer efficiency.