International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Adolescence is a crucial developmental phase that typically occurs during the school years and is marked by significant physical, psychological, and social changes. This period serves as a transition from childhood to adulthood, during which individuals attain sexual and emotional maturity. Because of these rapid changes, adolescents often experience curiosity about their bodies and relationships, which may influence their behaviour and decision-making.

            The onset of puberty and sexual maturation may lead adolescents to experiment without adequate knowledge, increasing their vulnerability to risky sexual behaviours. Research indicates that early initiation of sexual activity is associated with a higher risk of unintended pregnancy among adolescents. Inadequate understanding and misconceptions related to sexuality, conception, reproductive health, pregnancy, and contraception are recognized as major contributors to teenage pregnancy.

According to the World Health Organization, adolescence is defined as the age group between 10 and 19 years. Globally, a significant number of adolescents aged 13–19 years experience pregnancy each year, with many resulting in miscarriages or induced abortions. In developing countries alone, approximately 20,000 girls under the age of 18 give birth every day, amounting to nearly 7.3 million births annually. When all pregnancy outcomes are considered, the magnitude of adolescent pregnancy is even greater.
            School-based teenage awareness programs focusing on pregnancy prevention and early motherhood play a vital role in reducing high-risk and unintended adolescent pregnancies. These programs provide essential education on reproductive health, contraception, and life skills, thereby addressing critical knowledge gaps that often lead to school dropout, poverty, and adverse maternal health outcomes. Comprehensive sex education delivered through schools also helps students manage peer pressure, develop responsible attitudes, and make informed decisions regarding their health and future. Therefore, teenage awareness programs are an effective strategy for promoting adolescent well-being and preventing early and unintended pregnancies