International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Public health financing plays a critical role in determining healthcare access, utilization, and outcomes. India exhibits substantial inter-state variation in health expenditure and service delivery, which contributes to disparities in health outcomes. This study examines the relationship between state-level public health expenditure and key health indicators, including life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality rates, and healthcare utilization patterns. Using secondary data from the National Health Accounts, National Family Health Surveys, and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare reports, the study applies descriptive and comparative analyses to identify trends, correlations, and regional disparities. Findings reveal that states with higher per capita public health spending generally achieve better health outcomes and higher utilization of healthcare services. Conversely, states with lower spending lag in both health indicators and service access. The study emphasizes the need for targeted investments, efficient allocation, and strengthening of primary healthcare to ensure equitable health outcomes across India.

Keywords: Public health financing, Healthcare utilization, Health outcomes, India, State-level analysis, Health expenditure