International Research Journal of Education and Technology

The cement industry is one of the largest contributors to global carbon dioxide emissions, accounting for approximately 7–8% of total anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. In response to increasing environmental concerns and the urgent need for sustainable development, this study explores the potential of incorporating industrial waste materials—specifically red mud and hydrated lime—into the cement manufacturing process to reduce its environmental footprint. Red mud, a highly alkaline by-product of the Bayer process in aluminum production, poses significant disposal and environmental challenges. However, its rich composition of oxides such as Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, and SiO₂ makes it a viable supplementary cementations material. Similarly, hydrated lime (Ca(OH)₂), known for its pozzolanic activity, can enhance the reactivity of the binder system when used in appropriate proportions. By partially replacing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with red mud and hydrated lime, the study aims to reduce clinker content, minimize carbon emissions, and utilize waste materials effectively. Experimental investigations include the preparation of blended cement samples with varying replacement levels, followed by the assessment of mechanical properties, setting times, and durability characteristics. The results indicate that optimal replacement levels can maintain or improve the performance of conventional cement while significantly lowering CO₂ emissions and raw material consumption. This approach not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides a cost-effective solution for waste management and resource conservation in the construction industry.

Key Words:- Cement industry, Ordinary Portland Cement, optimal replacement levels, durability characteristics, cost-effective solution