International Research Journal of Education and Technology

The paper investigates the organizational structure and operation of farmer’s unions in Punjab, focusing on their historical history, internal dynamics, and strategic roles in modern agricultural mobilizations. The research emphasizes the union’s federated yet factional structure, characterized by charismatic leadership, grassroots village networks, and issue-based alliances that alter in response to agrarian crises and political environment. Decision-making procedures are demonstrated to rely on both democratic consensus and hierarchical command, with local units exerting substantial autonomy in everyday activities. Protest coordination, policy advocacy, negotiations with governmental actors, and the supply of economic help and information to farmers are among the unions' operating techniques. The farmers' movement of 2020–2021 is an example of how these unions achieved unprecedented unity, using both traditional and digital mobilization strategies, and struck a balance between selected political affiliations and non-partisanship. According to the paper, Punjab's farmer unions are still powerful forces for collective action and agrarian policy impact because of their deep rural penetration and dynamic flexibility, even though organizational fragmentation continues to present challenges.

Key words: Farmer’s movement, Agriculture, Organization, Green revolution, Framework, Farmer union