International Research Journal of Education and Technology

This article examines the suffering of women in Girish Karnad's play Naga-Mandala. Through a close reading of the play, this article highlights the various ways in which women suffer in Indian society, including their lack of autonomy and agency, their objectification and commodification, and their socialization to accept their subordinate status. Despite this suffering, the play ultimately offers a message of hope and empowerment, suggesting that women have the power to resist and challenge the oppressive forces that govern their lives.

Keywords: Serpent Mythology, Patriarchy, Autonomy, Agency,