International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This condition can lead to numerous systemic complications, including cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Among these, impaired lower extremity perfusion, leading to conditions like peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is one of the most debilitating and common complications observed in diabetic patients. This article provides a comprehensive overview of lower extremity perfusion in diabetic individuals, discussing its underlying pathophysiology, clinical implications, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities.