International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Thomas Hardy’s novels explore the intricate web of human suffering, where individuals often oscillate between the roles of victim and victimizer. Hardy’s characters are shaped by deterministic forces such as fate, social norms, and psychological constraints, creating a narrative where moral ambiguity prevails. This study investigates Hardy’s philosophical engagement with determinism and existential suffering, combined with a psychological analysis of trauma, guilt, and repression experienced by his characters. Using novels such as Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure, and The Mayor of Caster bridge, this inquiry highlights how Hardy portrays the fluid boundaries between victimhood and culpability. The study also explores how Hardy’s moral philosophy resonates with Schopenhauer’s pessimism and the Freudian unconscious, providing a deeper understanding of the human psyche and societal constraints.

Keywords: Thomas Hardy, Victim-Victimizer Dialectic, Moral Ambiguity, Schopenhauer, Freudian Psychology